Global Terrorism Index 2025

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Regional Profiles: Middle East & North Africa
The impact of terrorism deteriorated slightly in the MENA region in 2024. However, there was a large level of variance across countries in the region, with nine countries recording improvements, and seven countries recording deteriorations. Four countries in the region registered scores of zero, meaning they had been free of terrorist activity for at least the past five years. The number of terrorist incidents in the region declined marginally from 666 in 2023 to 618 in 2024, whereas the total number of deaths halved from 2,083 in 2023, to 1,058 in 2024.
 
Two countries in the region, Israel and Syria, were ranked among the ten most impacted by terrorism globally. Israel experienced a significant improvement in deaths 2024 following the surge due to the Hamas attacks in 2023. Syria had the highest level of terrorism in the region and experienced a surge of terrorist activity in 2024. Total deaths in Syria rose from 372 to 430, and the level of terrorism has been steadily increasing in the last decade. IS activity has increased substantially in Syria, with the group conducting 368 attacks that resulted in 708 deaths. The deadliest attack in Syria in 2024 took place in December, when IS militants killed 54 Syrian soldiers who fled to the desert following the fall of the Assad government.
 
The country showing the greatest deterioration in the region over the past year was Oman, which experienced its first attack since 2010. During the attack, Islamic State militants opened fire on people near a mosque in Muscat, resulting in the death of six people and injuring a further 28. Jordan recorded the second-greatest deterioration in the region over the past year, with the country experiencing its first attacks since 2019. One of the attacks was targeting a small US outpost, causing the death of three US soldiers and injuring 30 others.
 
Over the past decade, Libya recorded the largest improvement in the region. There were no incidents and no deaths from terrorism in Libya for the second consecutive year, and just ten deaths have been recorded in the past five years, compared to 463 in the five years prior to 2020. 
 
The second largest improvement of the decade occurred in Egypt, which recorded only one attack resulting in one death in 2024. Egypt has experienced a significant reduction in terrorism within the last decade, with its overall GTI score falling for eight of the last ten years. At the peak of terrorist activity in 2015, 481 people were killed in Egypt from 257 terrorist attacks. 
 
Global Terrorism Index 2025. Institute for Economics & Peace. Sydney, Australia.